Bartók wrote his three Burlesques between 1908 and 1911, in the period of his first journeys in the countryside. He undertook those to find new material for his own compositions in folk music. The Burlesques are also folk tunes, but in a joking manner, and using even more dissonance as we’re used to with him. The Burlesques are a well known work, and one that Bartók himself really liked. He recorded it himself in 1929, and wanted to do it again in 1944. That second recording never came to be.
A curious collection on this record is called The first term at the piano. It is listed as published in 1913, and forms an early attempt for educating children at the piano. Believing that children should be working with real music, instead of simplified short pieces, he presented them with quite complicated and demanding exercises. I doubt that many aspiring pianist found inspiration from these in the first months at the keyboard!